One interesting consideration is the whole "intense heat and pressure" thing. Is that just reentry, or take-off as well.
Both re-entry and launching into orbit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd7dxmBLg48If the ship is just going to fly through the air (like an airplane) without reaching escape velocity then take-off wouldn't be as dangerous.
A single shot (while in the atmosphere) wouldn't do much if you didn't have to deal with reentry. Right?
Right ... so long as you're not at high altitude. Loss of the cabin's pressurization at high altitude can suck out the contents of the ship including occupants, which would be bad without a parachute.
An airplane, of course, doesn't need to be pressurized at all for flight (doing so is a luxury). Military aircraft aren't, and everything and everyone tends to be strapped down as a precaution. But a spaceship would need to be pressurized.
If a spaceship is shot, the best strategy would be to fly at low altitude to safety and then land so you can inspect the ship for damage and repair it (if necessary) before re-launching.